Papers
Industrial Ecology as strategic tool for environmental policy-making process in Brazil
2nd. International Workshop: Advances in Cleaner Production; 2009. Authors: Alessandro Sanches Pereira; Alcir Vilela Jr. & Emilia Wanda Rutkowski [Full-text in English]
Most of today’s environmental policies in Brazil rely on controlling the growth of pollution by “command and control” techniques. During the last two decades, these instruments have been designed to control sources of environmental impacts using industrial zoning, environmental licensing, and emission standards. The present structure of environmental law and policy focuses almost entirely on the activities of manufacturing companies and does not recognize strategies related to pollution prevention and/or cleaner production — such as product life cycle assessment, environmental labeling, environmental management systems, interconnectivity of production process, extended producer responsibility strategy, and environmental certification — as important instruments for auto-regulation. Recognizing that environmental policy must become more focused on “command and covenant” than “command and control”, this article attempts to provide an expanded perspective of environmental policy innovation based on a more holistic approach — Industrial Ecology — as a strategic tool for environmental policy-making process in Brazil.
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Industrial Ecology, Production and Environment: a discussion about interconnectivity of production
1st International Workshop: Advances in Cleaner Production; 2007 pp. 7. Authors: Alessandro Sanches Pereira; Juliana C. Fontes Lima; Emília Wanda Rutkowski [Full-text in Portuguese]
Industrial Ecology (IE) initiatives are presented by isolated strategies. As a result, there is a need to understand the eco-efficiency of approaches in order to plan strategically the IE implementation and to correct potential imperfections. One of the approaches is the Industrial Symbiosis (IS). This concept is based on sinergy between different productive activities, which lead to a greater efficiency of resources uses allied with environmental and economical benefits. Contrarily to the IS concept, where all integrant are benefited locally, the Brazilian approach is based on supply/demand relations. Thus, the necessary information for this interrelation are: the logistic and the market information.
Keywords: industrial ecology; industrial symbiosis; eco-efficiency
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Industrial Ecology in the Environmental Public Policies Context
1st International Workshop: Advances in Cleaner Production; 2007 pp. 10. Authors: Alcir Vilela Jr; Fabíola Maria Gonçalves Ribeiro; Alessandro Sanches Pereira [Full-text in Portuguese]
Industrial ecology offers a number of methods and approaches which offer much potential for the environmental public policies. The adoption of a systems perspective in environmental analysis and decision making could significantly improve environmental policies effectiveness. Therefore, adjustments in the legal and organizational framework as well a deep change in the public environmental management would be necessary.
Key words: industrial ecology, environmental policy, environmental management.
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The forgotten development: a discussion about the clean development mechanism and socioenvironmental sustainability
Sustainable Development and Planning; 2007 vol. 102 (2) (Apr 2007) pp. 551-55 Author: Alessandro Sanches Pereira [Full-text in English]
The concept of sustainable development (SD) has been broadened to become a new paradigm and form a hope for human impact mitigation. There is some consensus around its implementation; however, the imprecision of the SD concept causes worldwide debates regarding the diversity of adoption and understanding. In this context, the question is how we can shape the development process in order to make it capable of taking into consideration the local way of becoming sustainable. One recent attempt is the clean development mechanism (CDM) concept. This faces similar problems because the way in which the mechanism is used today does not fulfil its goal of assisting SD. Generally the mechanism is used only to meet the terms for emission reduction described in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol and does not contribute to the local society development. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a strategic plan for CDM’s future implementation and repair its design failures by evaluating its current performance. An effective mechanism must integrate the socioenvironmental development concept into the implementation strategy. As a result, the new CDM must not only promote strict environmental sustainability, but also contribute to the reduction of poverty and social inequalities. This is because CDM will not be successful in the long term if it does not achieve the integration of social development with reduction of emissions.
Keywords: clean development mechanism, socioenvironmental strategic planning, socioenvironmental sustainability.
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The financial benefits of building "green": an analysis of New York City high-performance law
Master Thesis: IIIEE, Lund University, Sweden. Author: Alessandro Sanches Pereira [Full-text in English]
In New York City, in the United States as a whole, and in the rest of the world, there are many projects with high-performance features and environmental ambitions already completed or being built. Unfortunately, few projects are consistently followed-up and evaluated, which means that valuable information is lost. For this reason, this research attempts to gather information from high-performance building projects in order to analyze and understand the impacts (e.g., both positive and negative) of adopting the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards as the criteria of public buildings being planned and/or renovated. The focus of this thesis is to identify the financial costs and benefits of high-performance building design prescribed by the proposed law Int. No. 0324-2004 in New York City, U.S. The discussion in this study is based on how the public projects will be affected if the bill is passed by the City Council. The aim is to deliver information for the early stages of new building projects. The analysis results are described in terms of the savings, payback time, and the process behind of project realization. The bill’s scenario has been analyzed and evaluated using methods such as life-cycle costing, net present value, and cost-benefit analysis. It is important to state that the impacts referred to by this thesis are divided into internal influence (i.e., running costs and maintenance) and the external influence (i.e., the public savings of reducing the water treatment costs).
Keywords: Environmental design, design strategies, Int. No. 324, financial benefits, Leadership on Energy and Environmental Design, LEED, high-performance buildings, New York City.
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Ecologia Industrial no Brasil: uma discussão sobre as abordagens brasileiras de simbiose industrial
Engema; 2007 pp. 8. Authors: Alessandro Sanches Pereira; Juliana C. Fontes Lima; Emília Wanda Rutkowski [Full-text in Portuguese]
In Brazil, Industrial Ecology (IE) initiatives are presented by isolated strategies and there are no studies on their local successes, vices and perversities. As a result, there is a need to understand the eco-efficiency of Brazilians’ approaches in order to plan strategically the IE implementation and to correct potential imperfections. One of the approaches is the Industrial Symbiosis (IS). This concept is based on sinergy between different productive activities, which lead to a greater efficiency of resources uses allied with environmental and economical benefits. Contrarily to the IS concept, where all integrant are benefited locally, the Brazilian approach is based on supply/demand relations. Thus, the necessary information for this interrelation are: the logistic and the market information.
Keywords: Industrial Ecology; industrial symbiosis; eco-efficiency
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Emissões de todos: mudanças no saneamento pelo clima
Rutkowski, Emília W, & Pereira, Alessandro S., 2009. Emissões de todos: mudanças no saneamento pelo clima. In: Brasil. Ministério das Cidades. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento Ambiental. Programa de Modernização do Setor Saneamento (PMSS). Cordeiro, BS (org.). Lei Nacional de Saneamento Básico: perspectivas para as políticas e gestão dos serviços públicos. V.2, p.377-389, 2009.
O marco legal brasileiro em saneamento – Lei Federal 11.445, de 5 de janeiro de 2007 – tem como um de seus princípios fundamentais a utilização de tecnologias apropriadas e a articulação com as políticas de desenvolvimento urbano e regional voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Nesta perspectiva, os serviços de saneamento dialogam com o Protocolo de Quioto tanto no estímulo ao desenvolvimento local, proteção ambiental e sustentabilidade econômica dos serviços como na inovação tecnológica, em busca da melhoria da qualidade de vida, para as quais o Saneamento Básico também é um fator determinante.
Palavras-chave: mudanças climáticas; mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo; saneamento ambiental.
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